:root {
  --ink: #142330;
  --muted: #5e6b75;
  --blue: #1f5879;
  --blue-dark: #15384f;
  --sky: #dceaf1;
  --paper: #f8f7f3;
  --white: #ffffff;
  --line: #d8dde0;
  --max: 1240px;
  --serif: Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
  --sans: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}

*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }

html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

section[id], article[id] { scroll-margin-top: 90px; }

body {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--white);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

img { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
a { color: inherit; }
a:focus-visible, button:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--blue); outline-offset: 4px; }
p, h1, h2, h3, figure { margin-top: 0; }

.sr-only {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 1000;
  top: 0;
  left: 1rem;
  padding: .7rem 1rem;
  background: var(--white);
  color: var(--ink);
  transform: translateY(-120%);
  transition: transform .2s ease;
}
.skip-link:focus { transform: translateY(0); }

.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  z-index: 100;
  top: 0;
  height: 70px;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.95);
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  transition: border-color .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease;
}
.site-header.scrolled {
  border-color: var(--line);
  box-shadow: 0 3px 20px rgba(20,35,48,.04);
}

.nav-shell {
  width: min(calc(100% - 48px), var(--max));
  height: 100%;
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
}
.wordmark {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
  letter-spacing: -.015em;
}
.site-nav { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 2rem; }
.site-nav a {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: .78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .09em;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.site-nav a::after,
.text-link::after,
.paper-links a::after,
.contact a::after {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  width: 0;
  height: 1px;
  background: currentColor;
  transition: width .25s ease;
}
.site-nav a:hover::after,
.site-nav a:focus-visible::after,
.text-link:hover::after,
.paper-links a:hover::after,
.contact a:hover::after { width: 100%; }
.menu-toggle { display: none; }

.masthead {
  position: relative;
  min-height: clamp(290px, 40vh, 350px);
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  isolation: isolate;
  overflow: hidden;
  color: var(--white);
  background: url("assets/images/Background.jpg") center 49% / cover no-repeat;
}
.masthead-overlay {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: -1;
  inset: 0;
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(10,29,42,.88) 0%, rgba(10,29,42,.56) 43%, rgba(10,29,42,.10) 78%),
    linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(10,29,42,.38), transparent 45%);
}
.masthead-content {
  width: min(calc(100% - 48px), var(--max));
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: clamp(2rem, 3.5vw, 3rem) 0;
}
.masthead h1 {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 0 0 .8rem;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(2.56rem, 4.8vw, 4.56rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: .95;
  letter-spacing: -.055em;
}
.masthead-content > p:not(.eyebrow) {
  margin-bottom: .25rem;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 2vw, 1.45rem);
}
.institution-link {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: .35rem;
  color: var(--white);
  font-size: .82rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.photo-credit {
  position: absolute;
  right: 1.4rem;
  bottom: 1rem;
  margin: 0;
  font-size: .7rem;
  letter-spacing: .12em;
  opacity: .68;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  writing-mode: vertical-rl;
}

.eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: .85rem;
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.eyebrow.light { color: var(--sky); }

.section-shell {
  width: min(calc(100% - 48px), var(--max));
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 120px minmax(0, 1fr);
  column-gap: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 5rem);
}
.section-label {
  padding-top: .35rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: .7rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.section-label span {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: .45rem;
  color: var(--blue);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}
.section-label p { margin: 0; }

.about {
  grid-template-columns: 120px minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(210px, 280px);
  padding-top: clamp(3rem, 5vw, 5rem);
  padding-bottom: clamp(3rem, 5vw, 5rem);
}
.about-copy { max-width: 700px; }
.about h2,
.research-heading h2,
.contact h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(2.25rem, 4.2vw, 4.2rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.08;
  letter-spacing: -.035em;
}
.about h2 { margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.about-copy .lead {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
}
.about-copy > p:not(.lead) { color: var(--muted); }
.link-row { display: flex; gap: 1.7rem; margin-top: 2rem; }
.text-link {
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: .78rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .09em;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.email-text {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: .82rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: .02em;
}
.portrait-wrap {
  position: relative;
  align-self: start;
  justify-self: end;
  width: min(100%, 260px);
  margin: 0;
}
.portrait-wrap::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  z-index: -1;
  inset: 18px -18px -18px 18px;
  background: #dedbd5;
}
.portrait-wrap img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: center;
}

.research-intro {
  position: relative;
  padding-top: clamp(3rem, 4.8vw, 4.8rem);
  padding-bottom: clamp(2.4rem, 4.2vw, 4.2rem);
  background: var(--paper);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 100vmax var(--paper);
  clip-path: inset(0 -100vmax);
}
.research-heading { max-width: 800px; }
.research-heading h2 { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.research-heading > p:last-child { color: var(--muted); }

.paper-section {
  padding-top: clamp(4rem, 7vw, 7rem);
}
.subsection-label { padding-top: .75rem; }
.paper-list { min-width: 0; }
.category-title {
  margin: 0;
  padding-bottom: 1.35rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.6vw, 3.2rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -.03em;
}

.paper {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(260px, 4.5fr) minmax(0, 5.5fr);
  column-gap: clamp(2rem, 4.5vw, 4.5rem);
  padding: clamp(2.25rem, 3.5vw, 4rem) 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.paper.text-only {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 920px);
}
.paper.text-only .paper-copy {
  grid-column: 1;
}
.paper.paper-with-figure {
  grid-template-rows: auto auto;
  row-gap: 1.35rem;
}
.paper-with-figure .paper-meta {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 1;
}
.paper-with-figure .paper-meta .paper-links {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.paper-with-figure .paper-figure {
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 2;
}
.paper-with-figure > .abstract {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 2;
  align-self: start;
}
.paper-figure {
  align-self: start;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows: max-content max-content;
  align-content: start;
  row-gap: 0;
  height: fit-content;
  margin: 0;
}
.paper-figure a {
  display: block;
  align-self: start;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  line-height: 0;
}
.paper-figure img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  max-height: 440px;
  margin: 0;
  object-fit: contain;
  background: #fff;
  transition: transform .5s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1);
}
.paper-figure a:hover img { transform: scale(1.018); }
.paper-figure figcaption {
  align-self: start;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: .3rem 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  background: transparent;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: .78rem;
  font-style: italic;
  line-height: 1.25;
}
.mechanism-figure img { background: var(--blue-dark); }
.paper-status {
  margin: 0 0 .85rem;
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: .7rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .13em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.paper h3 {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 2.7vw, 2.6rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.15;
  letter-spacing: -.025em;
}
.paper h3 a { text-decoration: none; }
.paper h3 a:hover { color: var(--blue); }
.authors {
  margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1rem;
}
.authors a { text-decoration-color: #a4b2ba; text-underline-offset: .18em; }
.paper-links { display: flex; gap: 1.4rem; margin-bottom: 1.8rem; }
.paper-links a {
  color: var(--blue);
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.abstract {
  padding-top: 1.35rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.abstract-label {
  margin-bottom: .55rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: .67rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.abstract p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: #46545e;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.67;
}

.contact {
  margin-top: clamp(5rem, 10vw, 10rem);
  padding: clamp(5rem, 9vw, 8rem) 0;
  color: var(--white);
  background: var(--blue-dark);
}
.contact .section-label { color: #b6c7d1; }
.contact .section-label span { color: var(--sky); }
.contact-copy { max-width: 760px; }
.contact h2 {
  margin: 0 0 .25rem;
  color: #c3d0d7;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.5;
  letter-spacing: normal;
}
.contact-copy > p:not(.eyebrow) { color: #c3d0d7; }
.contact-details {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.contact a {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 1rem;
  color: var(--white);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 2vw, 1.5rem);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.contact .contact-email {
  margin-top: .35rem;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: var(--white);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.site-footer {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 2rem;
  padding: 1.6rem max(24px, calc((100vw - var(--max)) / 2));
  color: #84919a;
  background: #0f293a;
  font-size: .68rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .09em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.site-footer p { margin: 0; }
.site-footer a { justify-self: end; color: #c6d2d9; text-decoration: none; }

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .about { grid-template-columns: 90px minmax(0, 1fr) 260px; column-gap: 2.5rem; }
  .section-shell { grid-template-columns: 90px minmax(0, 1fr); column-gap: 2.5rem; }
  .paper { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .paper.paper-with-figure { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .paper-with-figure .paper-meta { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; }
  .paper-with-figure .paper-figure { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2; margin-bottom: 0; }
  .paper-with-figure > .abstract { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 3; }
  .paper-figure { max-width: 760px; margin-bottom: 2.4rem; }
  .paper-figure img { max-height: 520px; }
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .nav-shell, .section-shell, .masthead-content { width: min(calc(100% - 32px), var(--max)); }
  .menu-toggle {
    width: 42px;
    height: 42px;
    display: grid;
    place-content: center;
    gap: 6px;
    padding: 0;
    border: 0;
    background: transparent;
    cursor: pointer;
  }
  .menu-toggle span:not(.sr-only) { width: 23px; height: 1px; background: var(--ink); transition: transform .2s ease; }
  .menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] span:first-child { transform: translateY(3.5px) rotate(45deg); }
  .menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] span:nth-child(2) { transform: translateY(-3.5px) rotate(-45deg); }
  .site-nav {
    position: absolute;
    top: 69px;
    right: 0;
    left: 0;
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 0;
    padding: 1rem 16px 1.4rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    background: var(--white);
  }
  .site-nav.open { display: flex; }
  .site-nav a { width: 100%; padding: .8rem 0; }
  .masthead { min-height: 350px; background-position: 57% center; }
  .masthead-overlay { background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(10,29,42,.86), rgba(10,29,42,.28)); }
  .masthead h1 { font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 12vw, 4rem); }
  .section-shell, .about { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .section-label { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: .7rem; margin-bottom: 2.2rem; }
  .section-label span { margin: 0; }
  .about { padding-top: 3rem; }
  .portrait-wrap { width: min(80%, 340px); margin: 3rem 0 0 auto; }
  .portrait-wrap { width: min(72%, 260px); }
  .subsection-label { display: none; }
  .paper-section { padding-top: 4.5rem; }
  .paper { padding: 2.75rem 0; }
  .paper.paper-with-figure { grid-template-rows: auto auto; row-gap: 0; }
  .paper-with-figure .paper-figure { display: none; }
  .paper-with-figure > .abstract { grid-row: 2; }
  .paper h3 { font-size: 1.9rem; }
  .site-footer { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: .35rem; }
  .site-footer a { justify-self: start; margin-top: .5rem; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  *, *::before, *::after { transition-duration: .01ms !important; animation-duration: .01ms !important; }
}